Haul distance
Remote quarries or constrained delivery routes can add £10–£30/m³ through higher transport costs and reduced vehicle cycles.
Layer thickness
Thin layers below about 150 mm can increase placement costs by 15–30% because plant productivity is spread across a smaller volume.
Restricted access
Small dumpers, mini-excavators and double handling can increase the installed rate by £30–£60/m³.
Aggregate source
Locally available recycled material may save £15–£30/m³, subject to specification compliance and consistent supply.
Formation condition
Soft spots, pumping ground or standing water can add £10–£40/m³ through remediation, separation layers and additional compaction effort.
Testing requirements
Enhanced plate-load, density or grading regimes can add £2–£8/m³ depending on lot sizes and testing frequency.